Communism East Europe Essays (5874 words) - Communism, Eastern Bloc

Communism East Europe annon Communism is like Prohibition - its a good idea but it wont work (Will Rogers, 1927) (1) This essay will give a brief introduction to communism. It will then discuss the various factors which combined to bring about the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. It will examine each of these factors and evaluate the effect of each. Finally it will attempt to assertain whether Rogers opinion (see above quotation) on Communism is true, that is, whether communism was truly doomed to fail from the start, or whether its collapse was a result of external influences. Communism is based on the ideas and teachings of Karl Marx as modified by Lenin. At its most basic, the ideal of communism is a system in which everyone is seen as equal and wealth is distributed equally among the people. There is no private ownership. The state owns and controls all enterprises and property. The state is run by one leading elite. The Soviet model of communism was based on these ideals. All opposition parties were banned although parties who were sympathetic to communism and who shared the communist ideals were allowed. All power was concentrated into the hands of the Communist party. Free press and civil liberties were suppressed. Censorship and propaganda were widely used. There was state ownership of the economy. No private enterprise was allowed. There was a collectivisation of agriculture. The Communist Party invaded and controlled every aspect of political, social, cultural and economic life. It was a totalitarian state with complete Communist control over all facets of life. In the early years, and up until Gorbachevs new regime, the use of force and terror as a means of maintaining control was widespread. The first factor which contributed to the failure and eventual collapse of communism was the fact that the Communist partys domination was illegitimate from the beginning. Lenin came to power after a bloody Civil War between those who supported Lenin and those who opposed the Soviet regime. To Lenin, defeat was unthinkable and he was prepared to make any and every sacrifice to win the war and save the revolution. The forcible requisitioning of food and supplies was approved by Lenin. This could only be achieved by enforcing strict and absolute discipline at every level of society. Terror was to become the chief instrument of power and Lenin was to assume the role of dictator. This was a phenomenon which was to become a symbol of communist regimes throughout their lifetime. This trend was followed when Stalin came to power as leader of the Communist party and the Russian government in 1929. (2) He had achieved this through plotting and trickery and by shifting alliances. This had begun in 1924 when Stalin systematically began to remove all opposition to his claim to power. His main rival was Trotsky and he used a number of underhand measures to discredit him. For example Stalin lied to Trotsky about the date of Lenins funeral, thus ensuring that Trotsky could not attend and thereby blackening his name in the public eye. This Stalin versus Trotsky conflict led to Trotsky being eventually exiled from Russia and, ten years later in 1940, being assassinated by one of Stalins agents. (3) Under Stalin any opposition was swiftly and brutally crushed. In no Eastern European country did the revolution have the support of more than a minority of people, yet this minority retained absolute control. The communist take-over and subsequent regime was achieved by undemocratic methods, that is, rigged elections, terror, totalitarian state, harassment and threats. In 1932 a two-hundred page document by a fellow member of the Politburo condemning the Stalinist regime and calling for change was published. (4) In response to this Stalin wreaked a terrible revenge. In 1936 Stalin began what became known as the purges whose function it was to try members of the communist party who had acted treasonously. (5) The result of these was that five thousand party members were arrested and stripped of their membership. The sixteen defendants in the three Showtrials of 1936, 1937 and 1938 were found guilty and executed. In 1939 those who had conducted the purges were also executed. By 1939 the only member of Lenins original Politburo who remained, was Stalin himself. (6) In relation to foreign policy, Stalin exerted his influence to ensure that all Eastern European countries (except Yugoslavia) had Soviet-imposed puppet regimes. Stalins domination was now total. After the war Stalin succeeded in establishing a communist buffer zone between Russia and Western Europe. Any resistance he met in establishing communist states was quickly suppressed by

Definition of Clostridium Difficile Bacterium

Definition of Clostridium Difficile Bacterium Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea among patients. The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection has increased in the past decade not only in the general population, but also among hospitalized-patients. This means that Clostridium difficile infection is a nosocomial infection that threatens the lives of patients in hospital settings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Clostridium Difficile Bacterium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Forster, Taljaard, Oake, Wilson, Roth, and Walraven (2010) state that Clostridium difficile infection lengthens the duration of patients’ stay in hospitals, and consequently increases their morbidity and mortality rates. In this view, the increase of Clostridium difficile infection in our unit requires the application of effective measures to control the infection from causing preventable morbidity and mortalit y. To understand ways of preventing Clostridium difficile infection, it is imperative to comprehend its etiology. Clostridium difficile infection is caused by a gram-positive bacterium, which grows under anaerobic conditions and reproduces by forming spores. The common route of infection among humans is fecal-oral route because infected individuals release spores through feces, while uninfected individuals acquire infections by swallowing spores. Since these spores are resistant to acid, heat, and antibiotics, it is difficult to control the infection of Clostridium difficile. According to Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly (2012), the spores of Clostridium difficile can remain infectious for months on surfaces such as hands and clothing of caregivers, patient bedding, medical equipment, and furniture amongst other surfaces in a hospital environment. When an individual swallows spores obtained from various surfaces, the spores hatch and proliferate in the intestines and produce enterotoxin s, which cause diarrhea and colitis. To prevent Clostridium difficile infection in the hospital environment, you should exercise contact precautions. You should wear gloves when handling patients with Clostridium difficile infection, and wash your hands before and after handling any patient. Hand washing is an effective contact precaution that helps in preventing the spread of spores from your hands to patients. You should wash your hands with soap and water every time you meet a patient. Hand washing with soap and water is effective in prevention of Clostridium difficile infection because it eliminates spores from hands, and thus prevents the spread of spores from one patient to another (Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly, 2012). In this view, you should wash your hands routinely with water and soap, so that you do not become an agent of Clostridium difficile infection.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% O FF Learn More Given that spores of Clostridium difficile remain infectious on surfaces even after many months, you should handle bed linens using gloves. Moreover, you should transport bed linens in a closed container to prevent the spores from spreading into other surfaces in a hospital environment. Dubberke (2010) argues that cross-contamination of bed linens by Clostridium difficile spores occurs during laundering. This implies that you should isolate bed linens of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and wash them separately to prevent the spores from spreading to other linens that do not have spores. Hence, you should handle and transport bed linens while taking precaution not spread the spores that are in them. Isolation precaution is also applicable in the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in the hospital. When a patient is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile, you should isolate the patient by placing him/her in a separate room to prevent the spores of Clostridium difficile infection that are present in bedding and other surfaces from spreading to all patients in a unit. According to Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly (2012), the isolation precaution is central in the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection as it restricts the spread of spores. Thus, you should isolate patients with Clostridium difficile infection while they receive appropriate treatment. References Dubberke, E. (2010). Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Clostridium difficile: What Works? Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 30(1), 38-41. Forster, A., Taljaard, M., Oake, N., Wilson, K., Roth, V., Walraven, C. (2010). The Effect of Hospital-Acquired Infection with Clostridium difficile on Length of Stay in Hospital. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(1), 37-42. Martinez, F., Leffler, D., Kelly, C. (2012). Clostridium difficile outbreaks: Prevention and Treatment Strategies. Risk Management and Health Policy, 5(1), 55-64.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Clostridium Difficile Bacterium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Reinforcement of Dental Composites by Electrospun Nanofibers Research Proposal

Reinforcement of Dental Composites by Electrospun Nanofibers - Research Proposal Example Our work draws support from the background researches concerned with the application of nanoscaled reinforcing materials and organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites synthesized by conventional soft chemistry procedures on various innovative industrial products. The principal look out of the following investigation is also based on the previous studies conducted to understand the intricate mechanisms behind the phenomenon of dissipation of energy that is hypothesized to be one of the definitive factors for hiking the index of fracture toughness in solid composites. (Composites Science and Technology, 2008) Past researches show that this energy dissipating phenomenon implicating increase in the fracture toughness is far more definitive and effect enticing for nanocomposites compared to ordinary composites having micron scaled fibers. In the following investigation we attempt to understand and interpret the reasons associated with mimicking such kind of mechanical strength and structure d toughness after reinforcing the resinous polyacrylate matrices of the dental composites with hyperbranched polymeric nanofibers. ... (Saudi Dental Journal, 2006) Though such research is always critical and is undoubtedly clouded by several other unaccountable factors, like, the inherent clinical design of the prosthesis, deformations of the dental base, climatic wear and tear of the metal supports, conditions leading to accidental damages along with the gender, age and total span of usage of the wearer; the plausible causes arising from the discrepancies in the mechanical index of the denture material itself, was the only object of our interest for pursuing further investigations along relevant lines. Therefore, it is undoubtedly clear that the primary objective of this research is to record and understand the effects of the covalently bonded nanoscaled organic reinforcements on the performance and durability index of the recently used dental composites. By designing composites of polyacrylate resin matrices modified with commercial dendritic polymers, like polyesteramide and polyester, we need to create a variati on from the previous investigations by incorporating electrospun polyamide nanofibers into the system and test their effect on the overall mechanical strength of these composites. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The nanofibers will be synthesized by electrospinning three different polymers that are Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVOH), Poly-L-Lactide Acid (PLLA) and Nylon 6 (Polycaprolactam or Polyamide or PA6) and they are to be used with the Hybrane modified acrylate resin matrix of the composites at different weight percents and particle diameters. The compressive strength, diametric tensile strength, linear shrinkage index and flexural strength will be measured at different concentrations and diameters. The morphology of the

Read Case study of A and others v The National Blood Authority and Essay

Read Case study of A and others v The National Blood Authority and others [2001] 3 All ER 289. Have cases since this decision de - Essay Example Indeed, the case of A and others v National Blood Authority and another became a landmark and certainly the first case in UK for being the first case in UK to succeed against the producer of a medical product. The Consumer Protection Act arising from this case certainly gained much footing and has since remained relatively unchanged with time. However, several other cases seem to enforce rather than change consumer law in UK. It is worth noting, however, that the case of A and others v National Blood Authority and another gained strong ground based on the fact that consumer protection was viewed from what the consumers are entitled to expect as opposed to the reasonable ability of the producer in delivering safe products. In the case of Worsley v Tambrands Ltd, Worsley argued that tampons manufactured by Tambrands were defective since the manufacturer did not provide clear warnings regarding the risk of toxic shock syndrome. However, this argument was rejected by the court based on t he argument that defectiveness of products is based on minimum standards (Howells and Weatherill 241-243). Therefore, the developments of Worsley v Tambrands Ltd’s case only affirmed the basis of consumer protection Act developed from A and others v National Blood Authority and another. One of the most recent cases BSS Group Plc v Makers (UK) Ltd (t/a Allied Services) [2011] seemed to bring a new twist to consumer protection Act. In this case, the important factor to be put into consideration is the obligation of the manufacturer to furnish the user with adequate information concerning the use and compatibility of a product (Bicknell web). However, this case seems to strengthen rather than change the provisions arising from A and others v National Blood Authority and another. The court ruling seemed to underpin the obligation of the manufacturer to provide adequate information on use of products. This had already been coined in the earlier case A and others v National Blood A uthority and another. Another, yet very recent case, Trebor Bassett Holdings Ltd & Anor v ADT Fire and security Plc [2011] also mirrored the already established consumer protection Act. According to the, the purchasers arguments CO2 fire suppression system they had purchased for their popcorn machinery in the factory was not fit for purpose. According to the case ruling, they failed to adequately notify the supplier of the intended use of the product they purchased and therefore, they could not have relied upon the supplier’s technical skills and reasonable judgment (Bailii web). However, a more interesting case Ide  v  ATB Sales Ltd (2007), provided a deeper mirror on consumer protection Act. From the case proceedings, the Judge posited that fatigue cracking was a probable cause of the fracture leading to the accident of the victim. However, proof of failure of the product during normal use had to be supplied adequately (Sweet and Maxwell web). The ruling in this case di d not actually change any aspect of consumer protection Act arising from A and others v National Blood Authority and another but to the contrary, only seemed to coin what had already been put forward. However, there seemed to be a

Original Cases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Original Cases - Research Paper Example One such issue became prominent in 2010, when the government of Singapore made changes in their policies related to the employment of foreign people. The government eased regulations on hiring foreign workers in order to ensure local people get the opportunity to fill up the vacancies. However, before 2010, the government of Singapore was very much enthusiastic in recruiting foreign employees. This created a number of issues within the country regarding the approach of the government to hiring people. Nevertheless, the policy change brought gaiety and cheer among the local people of Singapore (â€Å"Eight Reasons†). This case will, however, focus on the scenario of the UAE, where the government relies on the foreign talents to hold vital positions of the organizations. The case can be further elaborated with the example of the Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center, which is a government organization. The Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center is one of the most important divisions of the UAE police department. This department is responsible for providing training to the General Directorate of the Abu Dhabi police. According to adpolice.gov.ae, "The General Directorate of Abu Dhabi Police in Abu Dhabi Emirate operates with other agencies to achieve a safer society. It seeks to preserve the stability, the reduction of crime and the removal of a sense of fear, as well as contributing to the achievement of justice among the general public" (â€Å"Director General Welcome Message†). The Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center

Four Control Objectives Of Wages System Accounting Essay

Four Control Objectives Of Wages System Accounting Essay According to Millichamp Taylor (2008), control objectives of wage system are as follows: To ensure that wages are paid to the existing employees at authorized rates of pay To ensure that wages are computed in accordance with work-performed records, in respect of working time, units produced, and other criteria To ensure that gross pay and net pay are calculated correctly and payments are made to the correct employees To ensure that payrolls deductions to Central Provident Fund Board are correctly accounted and paid (b) As the external auditors of Blake Ltd, write a management letter to the directors in respect of the shift-workers wages recording and payment systems which: Identifies and explains FOUR deficiencies in that system Explains the possible effect of each deficiency Provides a recommendation to alleviate each deficiency [14m] The Board of Directors Blake Limited 1208 Chancery Lane, Strand, London. 08th DEC 2010 Dear Sirs/Madams, BLAKE LIMITED REPORT TO MANAGEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30TH DECEMBER 2010 Following our recent audit, we bring to your attention certain observations in the companys operations which we believe can help you in improving the profitability and efficiency of the business. First Deficiency: Logging in process The logging in process using an electronic identification card is not monitored. Possible effect: Card scanned doesnt mean that work starts! As the logging in process is not monitored, collusion between employees by helping each other scanning the identification cards may result receipt of wages on the non-approval leave days or working hours. Recommendation: Replacement of electronic identification card to finger-print scanning may effectively cut off the collusion, yet it may be costly for the management. Spot check on the number of workers on the production line by shift manager from time to time and compare the number of employees logged in via the time recording system. Second Deficiency: Overtime supervision The shift foreman is not required to monitor the extent of any overtime working. Possible effect: As overtime working is not supervised, the employees may get wages paid at overtime rates for no work done by logging-off late. This phenomenon not only reduces the productivity, but also increases the labor costs. Recommendation: As each group of shift workers (25 persons) is allocated with specific vehicle at specific amount, the management may adopt piece-work systems, where employees are paid for output instead of time [Dunn, 1990]. Change of existing working environment where the overtime working should be monitored by the shift foreman or through the installation of CCTVs. Third Deficiency: Code word in computerized wage system The authorization code word (pets name) uses in comparing the accuracy of time worked from the time recording system to the computerized wages system is generally known around the department. Possible effect: Unauthorized alterations may be made by the employees inside and outside the department. Recommendation: Further security steps should be carried out, such as authorization using personnel identification number and password. This will help in keeping the records of the employees name who certified the wages amount of particular employees. Change of code word on a regular basis and only inform to the responsible employees instead of whole department, may help in reducing this deficiency. Forth Deficiency: Termination of employees No effort in ensuring the receipt of e-mails sent from personnel department to payroll department which stating the details of employees termination. Possible effect: Terminated employees may remain on the payroll system [Leung, Coram, Cooper Richardson, 2009] and hence the accounts department clerk will continue making payments to those employees as there is no link between accounts and personnel department. Recommendation: It is essential in ensuring that the termination e-mails are received in personnel, and this can be done by sending a notification feedback mails from payroll department to personnel department. We hope to discuss the report with you at our forthcoming meeting. May we take this opportunity to express our thanks to you and your employees for the assistance provided during the audit period. If you require any further information on the above, please do not hesitate to contact us. Disclaimers: This letter does not identify all the weaknesses in the company internal control systems. This letter is for management use only. Yours Faithfully, Fung Jason Smith Audit Co. (c) List THREE substantive analytical procedures you should perform on the shift managers salary system. For each procedure, state your expectation on the result of that procedure. [6m] Substantive procedures are designed to obtain audit evidence to reduce detection risks relating to specific financial statement assertions [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005], using the tools: tests of details of transaction and balances, and analytical procedures. Analytical procedures consist of the analysis of significant trends and ratios, which entail the use of relationships and comparisons to determine the balance of accounts and reasonability of data [Porter, Simon Hatherly, 2008]. When analytical procedures serve as substantive tests in the shift managers salary system, substantive analytical procedures may be conducted by auditors comprise of: (i) Trend Analysis The analysis of changes in an account balance over time [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Procedure: Regular independent comparisons of shift managers salaries paid with budgets and previous year, through investigation of variances [Porter, Simon Hatherly, 2008]. Expectation: Assuming that the budgeted shift managers salaries included the 3% increment in second half year and the 5% annual bonus, variances between actual and budgeted total salary expenses should persist at similar level. On the other hand, presuming that the number of total shift managers remained unchanged, only inflation rates supposed to take place when comparing current and previous years salary expenses. (ii) Ratio Analysis The comparison of relationships between financial statement accounts, the comparison of an account with non-financial data, or the comparison of relationships between firms in an industry [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Procedure: Data collection of employment and rates payment of each shift manager in Blake Ltd from HR department [Porter, Simon Hatherly, 2008]. Calculation of aggregate amount and compare it with the actual salary disclosed in financial statement [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Expectation: As non-financial data may serve as a basis for comparisons, the estimated total payrolls can be achieved through the multiplication of total number of shift managers with the mean salary rates. (iii) Reasonableness Testing The analysis of account balances or changes in account balances within an accounting period in terms of their reasonableness in light of expected relationships between accounts [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Procedure: Data collection of number of shift managers hired and terminated, the timing of pay changes (increment of 3% in July and annual bonus of 5% in November), and the effect of vacation and sick leave, a model on shift managers payroll expenses could be created [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Expectation: As reasonableness testing develop explicit information, the monthly salary expenses should be quite constant in the first half years and an approximately 3% increment took place from July onwards and a further increment in November due to the annual bonus paid. (d) Audit evidence can be obtained using various audit procedures, such as inspection. APART FROM THIS PROCEDURE, in respect of testing the accuracy of the time recording system at Blake Ltd, explain FOUR procedures used in collecting audit evidence and discuss whether the auditor will benefit from using each procedure. [8m] The collection and gathering of audit evidence lies at the heart of the audit, where Mautz and Sharaf claimed that Auditing in its entirety is made up of two functions, both closely concerned with evidence. The first one is the evidence-gathering function; the second is that of evidence evaluation. [Dunn, 1991]. Test of controls is the tool uses in testing the effectiveness of control policies and procedures in supporting the detection of control risk [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Apart from inspection, the procedures and techniques used in collecting audit evidence and the benefit to auditor in testing the accuracy of time recording system are as follows: (1) Confirmation The receipt of a written or oral response from an independent third party verifying the accuracy of information that was requested by the auditor [Loebbecke, 1999]. Benefit/Applicability to auditor in testing the accuracy of time recording system: As the evidence is from independent third party, it is highly persuasive. However, the time recoding system manufacturer may feel reluctant to share the weaknesses and problems of the system in order to protect its product and business. Due to the time constraint and the inconveniencies in obtaining information, this procedure is less likely to be selected by auditors. (2) Observation A control consists of looking at a process or procedure being performed by others [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005], which can be a significant procedure in determining whether the control system is operating [Mascarenhas Turley, 1990]. Benefit/Applicability to auditor in testing the accuracy of time recording system: This procedure enables the auditor to find out whether collusion in logging-in and out among shift workers takes place. However, observation may not provide an accurate reflection as employees will usually perform duties appropriately while being observed. Hence, combination with other procedures in gathering evidence may be necessary step in order to achieve higher accuracy [Mascarenhas Turley, 1990]. (3) Recalculation The procedure of checking the arithmetical accuracy of source of documents and accounting records or performing independent calculations [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. Benefit/Applicability to auditor in testing the accuracy of time recording system: Recalculation helps in confirming the total hours paid are the same with the total time logging-in and out on the time recording system. Recalculation may provide strong evidence but the evidence is rarely persuasive and conclusive by itself [Rick, Dassen, Schilder Wallage, 2005]. A further step via re-performance procedure may help in increasing the overall accuracy of the time recording system. (4) Analytical Procedure The analysis used to evaluate financial information by studying plausible and predictable relationships among both financial and non-financial data [Mascarenhas Turley, 1990]. Benefit/Applicability to auditor in testing the accuracy of time recording system: This procedure could be a reasonably effective test, which enables the auditor to monitor the number of total hours claimed (time recoding system) and the total cost of wages paid (computerized wage system) through standard costing system [Dunn, 1990]. Any excessive variance occurred should be investigated. In conclusion, auditors always face difficulties in deciding the most suitable procedures which is most appropriate to achieve the objective. Guideline on Audit Evidence suggests the following: Documentary evidence is more reliable than oral Evidence obtained from independent sources outside the enterprise is more persuasive than that secured solely from within Evidence originated by the auditor is more reliable than evidence obtained from others [Dunn, 1990]

Essay --

According to the Victim oriented multi-disciplinary responses to statutory rape training guide, â€Å"Law enforcement often assigns statutory rape cases a much lower priority than incest and forcible rape cases with young children. There is a belief among criminal justice officials that investigation and arrest are a waste of time because prosecutors will not prosecute except in most egregious cases† (Elstein & Smith, 1998). Statutory rape laws should be just as much of a priority as child abuse and forcible rape. Throwing away statutory rape cases is not effective regardless of how hard it is to prosecute. A minor does not know what is best for him or her it should not matter whether or not the victim is willing to testify. If proof that a minor is indeed involved in a cases where his or her partner is considered an adult by law then that person should be convicted. It is hard to prosecute statutory rape cases because most of the ‘victims’ are not willing to test ify against their partners. The minors involved in the cases are usually in the relationship because they want to be not becaus...

Relationships Between Parents and Children

For Law and Order I have finally reached old age and have seen others go before me. But, are these my golden years, my retirement years? No! I have paid my dues, but do I have peace and quiet that goes with old age? Not at all! I asked for help with my grandson before he was 16 years old. He needed counseling then and he still needs counseling. I visited the school psychologist here in Lindenhurst. Her answer to me was: †It's your fault, he should have his own room, to think, to be alone if he wants. ‘ My grandson took a baseball bat to my living room furniture and broke many good pieces. Every wall in this three-room room apartment has holes, either big holes or holes from Chinese stars. I went to Family Court in Hauppauge for help. †Your honor, I just want two or three months. I can't deal with cancer and this child, too. † He told me it was my problem. †Your honor, this child needs counseling. † My problem again. His law guardian at this time informed my grandson that he had all the rights. He didn't have to go to school, work or have counseling. He didn't have to do anything he didn't want to do because he would be taken care of until 21 years old. It was my duty to supply food, clothing, shelter, pay medical bills. No control, but I must pay. I went to Columbia Presbyterian Hospital for a complete hysterectomy. When I came home I was alone. I had no one to help me and I was weak. My grandson put another big hole in the wall. I called head of probation for help. He told me to leave my apartment. Here I was holding my abdomen, in a bathrobe and cold winter outside. Where was I to go? This is my apartment. I pay all the bills. He told me to leave the apartment to my grandson and when my grandson could not pay the rent, the landlord would put him out. I asked, †What about all my possessions that I worked for all my life? † He told me, †Leave! † It is almost two years later and I still hurt in my abdomen from when I screamed that day at my grandson for putting that big hole in the wall. I have called the police at least four times. It is all a big joke. More teeth have to be put into the laws concerning these children. From that patronizing school psychologist, to the indifferent judge trying to save the state money, to the misogynist head of probation, to the police who keep throwing the ball around and not writing the truth on their report to the Police Department. All are getting good salaries but not really doing the job well that they are getting paid to do. My daughter died, my husband died and I, the old woman, compelled by law to take care of this child, now still a child in an 18-year-old man's body weighing 250 pounds. The law has to change from 16 to 18 years old. Children should not be given authority to do as they please in the parent's home. Law and order is missing because no one cares This article shows how the relationship between children and parents can turn out due to differences or not giving the freedom to children. In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet as an awkward relationship with her mother and they don’t agree on the same things. This article relates because it shows how some people who don’t get along with their parents can get emancipated meaning there parents are legally not allowed to look after their children and providing daily necessities . Reference

H.O.P.E Consumer Fitness Log Essay Example

H.O.P.E Consumer Fitness Log Essay Example H.O.P.E Consumer Fitness Log Essay H.O.P.E Consumer Fitness Log Essay You will need to document six hours (or 360 minutes) to include a variety of physical activity. A variety of physical activity can be defined as a minimum of three different activities. Students are expected to log activities multiple times per week for each week enrolled in the HOPE course. You cannot complete and receive credit for this HOPE course if you do not complete each of the topic workout logs. Student Name: Tatiana Joseph All activities recorded on MapMyWalk App, Fitbit App and J. R. Workout App Regular physical activity has many positive benefits that contribute to improved mental health and well being.Please define a measurable physical activity goal you would like to meet that relates to improving your overall mental health status. Goal:Â   I aspire to lower my body fat by 1% no later than August 1, 2013. This 1% drop in body fat will Date| Warm-Up| Physical Activity| Intensity (Light, Medium, or High)| Cool-Down| Minutes| 7/3/2013| Walking| Jogging| Medium| Quadriceps , hamstring, and calf stretches| 50| 7/15/13| Walking | Boot camp| Medium| Walking| 60| 7/16/13| walking | Training| high| Walking| 60 | 7/17/13| Walking | Jump rope| Medium| Walking| 15| 7/17/13| Walking | Sprinting| Medium| Walking| 15| /18/13| Walking | Biking| Medium| Walking| 70| 7/19/13| Walking | Walking| Medium| Walking| 20| 7/20/14| Walking | Boot Camp| Medium| Walking| 60| 7/22/13| Walking | Personal trainer| High| Walking| 60| 7/23/13| Walking | Gym workout| Medium| Walking| 60| 7/23/13| Walking | Jump rope| Medium| Walking| 15| | | | | Total | 430 minutes| | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | Reflections: (worth 20 points) 1. Did your workouts impact your stress level? Why or why not? Yes. It keeps me in a relaxed state of mind. 2. What additional activities could you include in your workout routine to improve your stress level? Jump roping daily 3.Do you believe your workouts impact your self-image? Why or why not? I feel great and look great. I will be ready for track season at school! 4. Does meeting or exceeding your goals impact your self-image? Why or why not? Challenging yourself is always good. It pushes you to be your best in whatever you do. 1. Search the web to identify a motivational quote that inspires you to maintain or strengthen your self-image. Include the quote and the source of your quote . In a world where you can be anything you want, BE YOURSELF. pointswww. goodreads. com . Why will this quote help you with your self-image?It means to me to never compare yourself to to others. Just be happy and be you. Fitness Test Comparison: (worth 20 ) 2. Repeat the body composition fitness test from the Getting Started lesson. 3. Compare your original body composition result (body mass index or BMI) with your current body composition result (body mass index or BMI). Write out your original score and status, along with your current score and status.? Original score 20. 6Â   Current score 19 4. Did your results improve? Why or why not? Yes and know. I think It could be better if I stop with Mcdonald, Chik Fila and Pizza.

Free Essays on The Qumran

The sect of the Qumran is a sect of Jews so devout to their perception of the Judaic God that they chose to segregate themselves from the rest of Judaic society. A society which they labeled the ‘men of falsehood.’ The Qumran sect existed in a state of fear from what they perceived to be a wrathful God. This fear overtook the sects being and manifested itself in the form of spiritual purification. This form of purification was thought necessary to become as close to their God as possible. Further, the idea of purification dominated the individual of the sect, and as that individual gave their being to God they also gave up their individuality to the collective society. This group society formed their lives in a strict order in fear of offending their God, and thereby obtaining purification. The strive for personal purification moved on to a collective purification. With even grander aims than the societal purification, it grew into a manifestation of Gods army as t he sect envisioned itself as ‘the war of the sons of light against the sons of darkness.’ The group of the Qumran is a puritan group who chose to segregate themselves from the rest of the Judain society; â€Å"they shall separate from the congregation of the men of falsehood and shall unite†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IQS 5.1-6.8, ln 4-5) Further the author of the Qumran establishes the materialistic, impious nature of the ‘men of falsehood.’ The covenant or promise of Gods truth to Israel is the key to the Qumranite faith, and anyone who betrays this truth is to be dealt with in harsh terms of punishment by God. â€Å"For they sought smooth things and preferred illusions†¦and they justified the wicked and condemned the just, and they transgressed the Covenant and violated the Precept.† (CD I. I-2. I3, 27-32) Strong terms are used in the Qumran to establish a solid sense of their exclusion from the rest of society. The author relates to prominent biblical names in relatio... Free Essays on The Qumran Free Essays on The Qumran The sect of the Qumran is a sect of Jews so devout to their perception of the Judaic God that they chose to segregate themselves from the rest of Judaic society. A society which they labeled the ‘men of falsehood.’ The Qumran sect existed in a state of fear from what they perceived to be a wrathful God. This fear overtook the sects being and manifested itself in the form of spiritual purification. This form of purification was thought necessary to become as close to their God as possible. Further, the idea of purification dominated the individual of the sect, and as that individual gave their being to God they also gave up their individuality to the collective society. This group society formed their lives in a strict order in fear of offending their God, and thereby obtaining purification. The strive for personal purification moved on to a collective purification. With even grander aims than the societal purification, it grew into a manifestation of Gods army as t he sect envisioned itself as ‘the war of the sons of light against the sons of darkness.’ The group of the Qumran is a puritan group who chose to segregate themselves from the rest of the Judain society; â€Å"they shall separate from the congregation of the men of falsehood and shall unite†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IQS 5.1-6.8, ln 4-5) Further the author of the Qumran establishes the materialistic, impious nature of the ‘men of falsehood.’ The covenant or promise of Gods truth to Israel is the key to the Qumranite faith, and anyone who betrays this truth is to be dealt with in harsh terms of punishment by God. â€Å"For they sought smooth things and preferred illusions†¦and they justified the wicked and condemned the just, and they transgressed the Covenant and violated the Precept.† (CD I. I-2. I3, 27-32) Strong terms are used in the Qumran to establish a solid sense of their exclusion from the rest of society. The author relates to prominent biblical names in relatio...

Current artical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Current artical - Assignment Example r and point out to the fact that transitions to and from daylight redeeming time are especially dangerous since the timing of united states commutes shifts overnight just before animals can adjust to avoid the rush hour. The article says that this has added to the seasonal spike in animals that die. Finally, the article looks at ways of curbing these carnages, and the article says through more awareness as motorists drive and by authorities fencing roads sections frequented by these animals to minimize collusion. The class provides an insight into thorough and analytical view of the mutual relationship that exists between animals and man. The article is of importance and relevance in studying animal- human relationship. It not only warns of the danger of endangering wildlife and human deaths that result from collusion during various seasons, but it also provides solutions to curb the vice. Finally, there is an importance in increasing awareness of the worth of wildlife population, specifically from the perspective of biological diversity. Such a message has been clearly highlighted in the article Our Highways’ Toll on

HISTORY of western civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HISTORY of western civilization - Essay Example There were activists, propagandists and scientists in the Enlighteners who wanted to understand the world in a new insight and change it. The Enlightenment had its impact in France, Britain, Germany, Spain, Portugal, America, Italy and the Netherlands and resulted in great historical developments like the establishment of the United States of America and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The Enlightenment was not a single movement nor was it carried out by a unified group of individuals. Instead, it happened piecemeal and to have a clear idea of its impact on human life, one has to assess the history from the second half of seventeenth century to the beginning of eighteenth century. The beginning of Enlightenment is visible in the thinking of Francis Bacon who lived during the Renaissance period as he strongly supported pragmatic thought which was the basis of enlightenment. There was Benjamin Franklin who was an efficient statesman, scientist and political philosopher. He made two crucial scientific inventions; bifocal spectacles and lightning conductors as a scientist and also played a crucial role in the development of the new American Republic (Porter, 3). Another eminent Enlightener was the French philosopher and writer Denis Diderot who is famous as the editor of Encyclopedie. Giving up Roman Catholicism, he started philosophical materialism. Yet another prominent figure was Condorcet who argued that social ills take place not due to human nature, but due to ignorance and mistake. Another very important Enlightener is Voltaire who fought against the religious dogma of the time and vehemently supported social reform. Some others who had their role in this great revolution are Thomas Hobbes, Spinoza, Kant and Hegel. Montesquieu, d’Alembert, Turgot, the Britons, Locke, Hume and Gibbon, The Genevan, Rousseau, d’Holbach and Herder too were prominent influences in the movement. In the simplest possible terms, the aim of E nlightenment thinkers was to fight ignorance, superstition and despotism for the creation of a better world. As it was in eighteenth century, the main culprits that suppressed the free thinking of man, according to Enlighteners, were the Catholic Church and the hereditary aristocracy that existed all over Europe. An understanding of the social situation prevailed in Europe will show how urgent a social change was for them. The 17th century Europe was totally restless by wars in the name of religion and also in the name of imperial invasion. Both the church and the state were hand in hand in torturing people in the name of religion and state. Even the scriptures were twisted and used for the advantages of the church and the state. Those who tried anything against the state or religion were imprisoned or executed. From the above, it is clear that Enlightenment was the need of the time, which freed human mind from the dogmas of religion, which insisted that logic is the way to truth. I nstead, Enlighteners claimed that logic should be accompanied by reason, and that experience and experiment are the way to real truth. It is seen that Enlighteners were mainly against the dogmatism and irrationality present in Christianity. Enlightenment thinkers aimed mainly at the religion as it was the Catholic Church that chained the brain of people from thinking rationally. One of the earliest critics was Thomas Hobbes.